* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}


body {
    display: block; 
    height: auto;  
    background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    overflow-y: auto; 
}

.nav-row {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-around;
    padding: 10px 0; 
    background-color: transparent; 
    position: fixed; 
    top: 0.4em; 
    left: 0; 
    width: 100%; 
    z-index: 1000; 
}

.nav-row a {
    margin: 0 10px; 
}

.nav-row img {
    width: auto; 
    height: 40px;
    cursor: pointer; 
}


.frame {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100vw;
    height: 100vh;
    z-index: 999; 
    pointer-events: none; 
}

.frame img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
}


.gradient-background {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100vw; 
    height: 100vh; 
    background: linear-gradient(to top, rgb(154, 230, 230), rgb(255, 255, 255)); 
    z-index: -1;
}


.main-container {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    padding-top: 10vh; /* Creates the gap at the top */
}


.main {
    width: 100%; 
    max-width: 1000px; 
    margin: 0 auto; 
    margin-bottom: 40vh;
    margin-top: 30vh;
    padding: 0 10%; 
    color: rgb(28, 32, 49);
    font-size: 14pt;
    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
    text-align: justify;
    hyphens: auto;
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px rgb(255, 255, 255);
    line-height: 1.3;
    z-index: 2;
}

.image-container {
    text-align: left;
    margin-top: 1.5em;
    margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}

.image-container img {
    width: 100%; 
    height: auto; 
}

.annotation {
   font-style: italic;
    font-size: 14px;
    color: #333; 
    font-family: Arial, sans-serif; 
}

.fade-mask {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 50vh; 
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, white 20%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 80%);
    z-index: 2;
    pointer-events: none; 
}

.fade-mask2 {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 22vh; 
    width: 100%;
    height: 50vh;
    background: linear-gradient(to top, rgb(154, 230, 230), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 50%);
    z-index: 2;
    pointer-events: none;
}


.road {
    width: 100vw;
    height: 50vh;
    position: fixed;
    bottom: -3px;
    left: 0; 
    overflow: hidden; 
    z-index: 3;
}


.road img {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 100vw;  
    height: 27vh;
    image-rendering: auto;
    filter: blur(1.5px);
}



.dash {
    position: fixed;  
    bottom: -5px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%); 
    background: transparent; 
    z-index: 4; 
}

.dash img {
    width: 100vw;  
    height: auto; 
    max-height: 100%; 
    
}



.abstract-conclusion {
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0 auto; 
    padding: 4em; 
   
}

.hidden {
    display: none;
}


.intro{
    margin-bottom: 100px;

}



.titles{
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}
  

.paragraphNoindent{
    margin-top: 0px;
}


.paragraph{
    margin-top: 0px;
    text-indent: 2.5em;
}

.space{
    margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}

.spaceL{
    margin-bottom: 3em;
}


.intM{
    padding-left: 40px; 
    
}

.chapter1{
    margin-bottom: 100px;
}

#ros {
    margin-top: 10vh;
    width: 100vw; 
    height: auto;  
    mix-blend-mode: multiply;
}